The variety of construction of arbors is endless: from capital brick structures with a designated barbecue area to light sheds.
Mostly selected options are made of durable wooden or brick materials. Such gazebos are durable and affordable. You can install ready-made barbecues in them or build them from bricks or metal plates.
When choosing a suitable option, it is necessary to be guided by the functions that the future gazebo should perform. Therefore, you need to decide on the choice of building material, the type and type of barbecue, the place where it will be located.
Gazebos for relaxation can be:
- open/closed;
- temporary / capital;
- combined.
After solving fundamental issues, they begin to choose the type of foundation for a gazebo with barbecue facilities.
The most common type is a shallow foundation, designed for a light load. Such a choice is absolutely justified: most of these structures do not need a recessed base due to their low weight.
Methods for erecting bases for gazebos with barbecue
When building a gazebo, follow the same rules as when building an ordinary residential building. Accordingly, the choice must be made based on the type of proposed design.
Base type selection
- Pillar foundation - a shallow foundation device that is suitable for non-rocky soils: rocky or sandy-rocky.
- Pile - for wetlands characterized by a high degree of heaving and deformation.
- The slab foundation for a gazebo with a barbecue is suitable for all types of soil. This floating gazebo foundation with a drainage system is especially justified in soil conditions with a high content of groundwater.
All of the listed technologies for arbors are slightly different from the standard bases for large buildings.
The characteristics and features of each of the proposed base options will be discussed below.
columnar base
This is the best option for arranging the base of arbors made of wood and metal. In the process of execution, it is necessary to make vertical bearing supports, where the grillage is the upper part of the wooden structure or the lowest beam of the metal frame.
Work progress
Installation of supports
A concrete slab is covered with a mortar of one part cement and four parts sand, and two bricks are placed on top of it in parallel.
The remaining rows of masonry are performed as standard, but perpendicular to each other. The usual height of a brick pillar is about 35 centimeters.
After all the pillars are laid out, the beams are installed. Then the walls, roof and floor are erected.
pile foundation
This type is suitable for building structures on loose soil with deep freezing. Wooden or metal arbors are considered the most successful designs: beam structures do not require a grillage device.
The cheapest supports are applicable here: screw (from steel or casing pipe) or bored (from sewer asbestos pipes).
Pile foundation installation. Work progress:
- perimeter marking, clearing of the vegetation layer;
- drilling wells for pipe supports / or screw piles (0.5 meters);
- backfilling wells with crushed stone, tamping and filling wells with concrete mortar with a layer of up to 15 cm;
- immersion of asbestos pipes into the hole, the screw elements are simply screwed in to the required depth;
- several reinforcing rods are lowered inside the pipes, which are poured with a solution of concrete or a cement-sand composition with crushed stone.
Strengthening the supports is a mandatory step. The ends of the pipes must be well concreted. This will prevent moisture from getting inside and causing pipe ruptures during frost.
After the completion of the reinforcement and pouring of the supports, the first beam is laid and the horizontal and vertical elements are fixed to the clamps.
Slab base for gazebos with barbecue
The construction of such a foundation is a costly foundation for a gazebo with your own hands. It requires large financial and physical costs. But there is also its indisputable advantage - it is suitable for the construction of heavy and massive brick structures with a barbecue grill.
Work progress:
- marking and cleaning of the construction site;
- along the marked perimeter of the base, a pit is dug to a depth of 40 to 50 cm;
- the inner side of the pit is equal, the formwork is installed along the perimeter of the foundation being laid;
- a pillow is arranged under the base to protect against heaving: the bottom is covered with a layer of sand (15 cm), then a similar layer of rubble;
- waterproofing material (roofing material or polyethylene) is laid out, the ends are fixed to the inner walls of the formwork;
- to isolate the roofing material with reinforcement, crushed stone is added by 5 centimeters;
- from rods with a diameter of 10 mm. a reinforcing frame is assembled in the form of a lattice with cells of 20 x 20 cm, the rods must be tied up;
- a 30 cm layer of fixing solution is poured (concrete or a mixture of sand and cement).
After hardening of the plate, a reliable foundation for a gazebo with a barbecue is obtained. However, in terms of financial costs, it is quite expensive compared to other types of bases.
From the experience of a builder: how to make a foundation for a light wooden gazebo
The goal set by the customer is to lay the foundation for a finished summer tea arbor made of carved wood.
Choosing the type of foundation
For a light wooden structure, a strip foundation will be made for the gazebo around the entire perimeter of the building. Separate concrete supports will be poured under the flooring that goes beyond the boundaries of the gazebo.
Work progress
To build a foundation for a gazebo, pits are dug 50 centimeters deep. In order to prevent seasonal deformation of the soil, a mixture of sand and gravel is poured to the bottom and leveled.
According to the project, the gazebo should “hover” above the ground. Therefore, the foundation is made high.
Removable formwork is being constructed. For its device, wooden bars and sheets of 10 mm plywood are used. All elements are gradually fixed with self-tapping screws.
Reinforcement meshes are placed inside the formwork, structural details are tied together. The resulting formwork is filled with a mixture of sand, cement and gravel. For a small gazebo, 12 cubes of mortar will be required.
After the concrete has completely cured, the formwork is removed. So that over time, grass does not grow through the floor of the gazebo, the earth is lined with geofabric, and rubble is covered on top of it. Roofing material is used as waterproofing.
Before proceeding with the construction of the gazebo frame, all wooden elements are treated with a colorless primer. It penetrates deep into the structure of wood, and protects it from fungus, drying out and harmful insects. Logs are laid on a concrete base. These are beams of large section 20 x 20 cm. The beams are fixed with anchor bolts.
Before laying a board on the floor, a crate is made.
A solid foundation for a gazebo is the key to the longevity of any structure. Even if we are talking about compact lumber structures, a high-quality installation of the base will be required, otherwise distortions are possible or, even worse, premature destruction of the building.
Main varieties
Foundations of various types differ in design features and laying methods. With a limited budget and the availability of light building materials, experts advise a shallow foundation. Here, the load on the base is transferred under pressure, and the sole of the base element is fixed at the freezing depth.
At the initial stage of construction, such a foundation will help save up to 30% of funds. However, it will constantly have to be insulated. Otherwise, when frost sets in, cracks will appear. As a result, even the most durable brick gazebos with stoves and biofireplaces will no longer protect from adverse weather conditions.
Foundation types - many
A shallow foundation is preferred for two-story gazebos equipped with barbecues and barbecues. If the owners plan to install a roof with heavy ridge beams, such a structure will require a deeper foundation. Then the load will be experienced by soils far from the surface of the earth.
This basic element is also called a pile element, since it is the reinforced concrete rod that affects the end of the pile. If we talk about the design features of such foundations, they can be:
- tape;
- columnar;
- spatial slot;
- box-shaped;
- space-frame;
- with short piles.
A high-quality gazebo of any kind must withstand heavy winds and a large amount of precipitation, therefore, in the choice of materials, many experts often prefer foundation blocks.
In this video you will learn more about the types of foundations:
Tape
Most often, this type of foundation is used for buildings with massive walls made of brick or natural stone. These materials are several times heavier than refractory PVC and conventional wood. The flimsy base in this case increases the possibility of destructive processes by almost 40%. Even at the stage of formation of the strip foundation, you can design the basement. It is a reinforced concrete form located around the entire perimeter of the future building. It is laid not only under internal buildings, but also under load-bearing supports. As a result, due to properly distributed loads, the arbors do not sag, and the possibility of distortions is zero.
The presence of a dense cushion of sand and gravel is the basis of a strip foundation that can protect the building from groundwater. Despite the significant weight of the overall structure, the tape base has more advantages than disadvantages:
- Good resistance to heavy loads, due to which the life of ordinary arbors with a shed roof and more solid two-story buildings is almost doubled.
- Operational installation of ready-made elements. Even in monolithic conditions, the base dries out in less than a month.
- A small amount of building materials and special equipment.
- The possibility of independent work without the involvement of experienced professionals.
Based on the volume of construction procedures, a distinction is made between monolithic and prefabricated tape base technologies. The integrity of the first is possible due to the concreting of the reinforcing cage. The second is an assembly of blocks of different materials, held together with a cement mortar. If you need to create a more solid foundation on a hill, it is better to use precast-monolithic technology. Its main feature is the combination of a pile field and panel formwork with the subsequent installation of reinforced concrete blocks.
The only drawback of the strip foundation is a large amount of earthwork, many of which require special equipment. As for the sequence of actions, first the builders:
- Clear the area of debris and plant roots.
- They dig a trench, on the bottom of which a sand and gravel pillow is laid. To keep the water entirely in the concrete, cover it with plastic wrap.
- Increase the bearing capacity of the structure by means of hot-rolled reinforcement. If instead you use the usual fence grates or iron headboards from the beds, the foundation will not cope with heavy loads.
- Formwork is installed and concrete is poured.
Each type of foundation has its pros and cons. Before the main work, it is important to draft a future gazebo. This will help to avoid wastage of the budget.
Columnar
The presented type of base is ideal for small rectangular structures with a single or double-pitched roof. Despite the slight resistance to heavy loads, it contributes to the speedy completion of work without special equipment. The construction of such a foundation takes 1.5 times less money than the laying of a monolithic or, for example, tape. It can be justified even on frozen soils. The average period of use of a columnar foundation is 85–90 years.
Experts consider its main drawback to be an insufficiently strong design. And all because the foundation is erected on a site with moving soil. Over time, this can result in complete deformation of the structure. Due to the small distance between the foundation columns, the possibility of underground structures is out of the question. But if we talk about arbors made of light polycarbonate of an open or sliding type, a columnar foundation is ideal.
The main load here falls on the reinforced concrete pillar. Asbestos or polypropylene pipes can be used as materials. The latter do not deteriorate under the influence of moisture and temperature changes. The diameter of products often depends on static loads. For example, pipes with a diameter of 12 cm are well suited for light gazebos with a woven canopy. When building structures from heavy timber, this figure is twice as high.
- Marking the future building, taking into account the features of internal surfaces, corners and intersections.
- Preparation of a well for a sand cushion. The optimal depth is 25 cm.
- Compaction of a sand cushion using roofing material. This is necessary so that the liquid from the concrete does not seep into the sand.
- Installation and alignment of pipes according to the level. If groundwater is very close, it is better to treat metal-plastic products with bituminous mastic.
- Cementing of the pipe for greater structural stability during soil heaving.
- Foundation waterproofing with polymer solutions.
Further work is carried out only after 3 weeks, when the concrete has completely hardened.
Video "Foundation for a gazebo from old bricks"
From this video you will learn how to make a solid foundation from old bricks for a small gazebo:
pile
The foundation on piles helps well in the construction of structures in areas with low bearing capacity. In this case, even an inexperienced specialist will be able to build a gazebo on three floors in just a couple of months. The time of year doesn't matter. Both in summer and in winter, the pile foundation is laid without much difficulty.
The possibility of shrinkage of the structure is its only drawback. In order to avoid destructive processes, it is better to use the services of professional builders. It is important to draw up a project for future construction taking into account a detailed analysis of the soil. Long before construction you need:
- To study the engineering-geological properties of the soil and test the piles.
- Draw up a plan of the territory indicating the location of the main building and outbuildings.
- Create a diagram of the structure of the future structure with the designation of its shape, the location of the supporting elements and the features of the roof.
- Analyze the strength of nearby structures. After that, the owner will know what effect they can have on the durability of the gazebo in case of shrinkage.
- Draw up a drawing of the underground part of the site indicating the volume of piles and the depth of their immersion.
- Calculate the load on the surface of the roof and floor.
Before installing a pile foundation, you need to know some of the nuances Depending on the shape and size of the gazebo, it is acceptable to use screw, stuffed and driven piles. The latter are pressed into the ground, and on loose soil their installation is carried out using vibration.
From screw piles
In winter, the soil freezes strongly, and in the spring it discharges. Because of this, windows and doors in improperly built gazebos simply do not close. To avoid such a problem, it is better to choose a screw base. In this case, frost heaving will not affect the strength of the structure. The advantages of this technology include:
- high speed of work - no more than 3 days;
- excellent bearing capacity of the base;
- 25% budget savings;
- the minimum amount of rough work, which cannot be said about the in-depth monolithic base;
- possibility of construction in -30 and +45 °C;
- 100% reliable and reusable.
Before choosing this type of foundation, you need to understand: only a light building made of decking or polycarbonate can be placed on it, and the lower part of the structure will have to be insulated annually.
After analyzing the soil and preliminary calculations, you need to make markings for the base. To do this, stakes are installed in the places where the piles are screwed in, preferably at an optimal distance from each other. Otherwise, you risk violating the clarity of the geometry of the future building. The main works on the arrangement of the foundation of screw piles include:
- Screwing in piles at the corners of the base for more accurate installation of intermediate supports. If their diameter is less than 80 mm, you can use a crowbar.
- The introduction of piles into the ground by an average of 350–400 mm until the helical blade is completely immersed in unstable soil. To prevent the support from deviating from the vertical, use the building level.
- Shortening piles according to the established level.
- Marking the pile site using an optical rangefinder.
- Welding of heads for the correct distribution of loads along the entire perimeter of the section.
- Processing the pile territory with a channel or grillage to increase the rigidity of the foundation.
The possibility of shrinkage in this case is zero, which means that the master can immediately begin to arrange the frame.
This is the simplest and most economical option for laying the foundation. The entire scope of work can be done within a day. However, it is acceptable to use a wooden foundation only if you want to build a small open-type structure with the most ordinary pitched roof. Experts refer to the advantages of this technology as the minimum consumption of funds and materials. It is enough to assemble the base, and the frame of the building will be ready in 3-4 hours.
Qualitatively processed wood can facilitate most construction processes. The same should be said about the rapid fastening of the components of the foundation. A veranda on a wooden base can be raised with a jack and restored at any time.
For a building with an area of 12 to 20 m², a more or less solid foundation will be required. For this purpose, the bars are laid not in one, but in two rows. If the foundation is built according to the principle of a well, the most important elements are connected by a cut into half a tree. If the master takes the features of brickwork as a basis, installation with a displacement of materials is allowed. For a more reliable fastening of the three rows of bars, aluminum rods will be required.
The foundation of the timber has its pros and cons From concrete-filled pillars
It is logical to use brick, natural stone, concrete and asbestos-cement pipes as supports. If you need to create a heavy-duty foundation, a concrete foundation is a win-win option.
To begin with, it is enough to mark the basic element and remove the soil layer by 35 cm, after which:
- Make recesses for supports. The optimal depth of the pit is 1 m. In this case, the soil will not crumble, which means that there is no need to install props.
- Put a 12 cm layer of sand on the bottom of the trench.
- Make supports from concrete or reinforcing bars. For better waterproofing of materials, you will need roofing material, and with the help of construction tape, you can fix the seams.
- Prepare a frame of reinforced rods protruding 20 cm above the pit.
- For better pouring of the supports, you need to create a 20-cm concrete sole. The final drying of the concrete is possible only after a month.
Unusual versions
It turns out that the foundation can be made even from truck tires. For the first time, this method was invented, and after some time it was patented by a resident of St. Petersburg, Mikhail Semykin. The folk craftsman suggested laying the tires of buses, trolleybuses or tractors in two layers on a flat surface. With proper organization, a solid foundation can be obtained from large boulders and even from underground burrows.
From plastic pipes
The main advantage of such a foundation is the cost of work available to every third Russian. It is realistic to prepare the base in 7 hours, and thanks to its design features, an autonomous building near the dacha rises about 15 cm above the ground. This is quite enough to protect the building from flooding.
The presence of free squares contributes to the prompt installation of not only external, but also internal communications. Even if over time there is a desire to make major repairs, you will not have to dig a hole.
In this case, plastic pipes serve as fixed formwork, thanks to which the correct geometry of the structure is possible. The main thing is to follow a clear sequence of actions, and then even the smallest pavilion from a decking board will last at least 30 years.
To avoid technical errors, it is better to use the instructions:
- Free the site from the roots of perennial plants and construction debris.
- Using stakes and cords, mark the pile field.
- Considering the characteristics of the soil and possible loads, choose the optimal number of supports.
- Make 2-meter holes for pipes.
- In places of additional load, install floor slabs.
To increase the rigidity of the structure, the poles should be immersed in the ground by about 35 cm. The optimal trench diameter for plastic products is 180–200 mm.
From tires
This refers to a non-standard type of foundation, acceptable only for light structures made of lumber or plastic. It is important to remember: the more tires, the stronger the base. The gaps between the tires are best filled with a mixture of gravel and finely divided bricks. Dense linoleum will come off as the top layer.
To make the filling uniform, you need to lay sheets of roofing material on the finished base. Around the tires - build a formwork wrapped in wooden sides. At the end of the work - lay the reinforcement and concrete the coating.
The minimum service life of such a foundation often exceeds 15 years.
from barrels
200-liter barrels with a wall thickness of at least 1.5 mm are on the list of the most popular and relatively inexpensive foundation materials. They can be used in the construction of terraces, open verandas and wooden arbors. Before work, it is important to prepare the material: remove the removable covers, and if necessary, remove the bottom. In the future, such a product can be used as formwork.
For gazebos with an area of 8 to 12 m², 4 reference points will be required. When erecting more spacious buildings - from 10 or more. To isolate the foundation from the outer surfaces, a layer of waterproofing must be laid on the top of the barrels filled with concrete. If desired, the shells can be inserted into the frozen soil, and when they are installed directly on the ground, it is advisable to prepare a 12-cm sand compensation support.
For the correct laying of such a foundation, you must:
- Pull the cords, by which later it will be possible to determine the location of the barrels.
- Dig a 60 cm hole for each item.
- Make a pillow of sand, on top of which you need to lay several layers of roofing material.
- Fill the gaps between the barrels with a loose mixture.
- Fill the wooden container with concrete.
From roofing material
It is the quality of the waterproofing of the structure that determines its resistance to adverse conditions. Therefore, up to 40% of specialists prefer the basis of rolled materials. Before construction, they are cut into layers and glued to the base using bituminous mastic.
If the installation is carried out manually, the sheets can be fixed with rails or nails. In order not to disturb the structure of concrete, it is better to involve experienced specialists in the work.
As soon as the material sticks to the base, the foundation can be covered with soil. In this case, the concrete prepared for pouring the pillars is already protected from groundwater. As a result, the shelf life of the future structure increases long before it is put into operation.
Sometimes the cost of the foundation exceeds the cost of overhauling a summer cottage. But since we are talking about a supporting structure that can withstand heavy loads, there is no place for savings.
The initial stage of the construction of the gazebo is the creation of a reliable foundation. Properly designed, it will guarantee the durability of the entire structure. Its quality depends on the selected materials, compliance with all recommendations, calculations made when drawing up the drawing. It is important to correctly determine the appropriate type of foundation for different types of soil, climatic conditions.
The article will help you understand all the intricacies of building a base for a gazebo and how to do it yourself.
Selection of materials for the base
The garden gazebo is a lightweight structure attached to the house or a separate room for seasonal recreation. In this case, it does not require pouring the capital base. If you create a closed structure with a barbecue, fireplace or barbecue for year-round use, you should worry about a reliable foundation that can withstand heavy loads.
As materials can be used:
- brick;
- rubble stone;
- concrete;
- metal or asbestos-cement pipes;
- stone, concrete blocks;
- car tires;
- wood (in rare cases).
For the construction of any foundation, it is necessary to take into account the depth of groundwater and the type of soil.
Photo: foundation options. A - tape; B - monolithic, C - columnar; G - on screw piles.
The following types of grounds should be noted:
- monolithic (slab);
- tape;
- columnar;
- pile (divided into bored and screw).
Let's consider each of them in more detail.
Monolithic
It must be said right away that this type of foundation is rarely used for the construction of small gazebos in the country, since its creation takes a lot of time, and the cost of materials is significant. If the structure is massive, with a fireplace or a brazier inside, and the soil on the site easily freezes, sags, then this is the best option for the reliability and durability of the structure.
Photo: slab foundation device
A brief step-by-step instruction for its construction is as follows:
- The area is marked.
- A pit is dug up to a depth of 50 cm.
- A formwork is created from pieces of wood around the entire perimeter of the pit.
- A pillow of layers of sand and gravel is laid at the bottom, 15 cm each. It will become a protection against deformation of the base.
- A roofing material is laid on top, the ends of which are fixed inside the formwork. Fall asleep 5 cm of rubble.
- The frame is assembled from reinforcement. The diameter of the rods is not more than 10 mm. In finished form, a lattice will be obtained, the dimensions of the cells of which will be 20x20 cm.
- A concrete mortar or a mixture of cement and sand is poured into the pit.
It is worth considering that the height of the plate must be at least 40 cm higher than the ground level.
After complete solidification, the foundation will withstand the construction of any materials and any size.
Tape
Such a base is perfect for summer cottages, where shallow laying takes place in dry sandy soil. The difficult construction of the foundation will require additional money, time and labor, but in terms of strength it will cope well with brick, wooden arbors measuring 6x4 m and more.
Photo: 3D model of the column-strip base
3D model of installed screw piles
The process of installing piles in the second case consists of several stages:
- The site is cleared, the top layer of soil is removed.
- Holes for asbestos-cement pipes are drilled at the corners of the site.
- The bottom of the wells is filled with crushed stone, compacted.
- A concrete solution up to 15 cm thick is poured.
- Pipes are installed according to the level.
- Several bars of reinforcement are inserted inside them, and all the free space is filled with mortar. It is necessary to ensure that the ends of the pipes are well clogged, otherwise cracks and ruptures of the support can be provoked due to ingress of water and frost.
- The first crown is laid on the frozen piles, and the beams must be tied with clamps.
Photo: car tires as a base
An alternative would be a lightweight or wooden frame.
Building a foundation for a brazier or barbecue
A building with a heating and cooking device is equipped with two independent bases.
For or another stove, the best option would be to fill a strip foundation or a monolithic concrete slab. In the first case, the area under the stove must be tied to the main tape and immediately poured, not forgetting to mount a double horizontal belt of reinforcement.
On the barbecue area, the tape should be 20 cm above the floor level, or even more.
It should be remembered that in such buildings, according to the requirements of SNiP, it is imperative to provide for the possibility of a fire engine entrance.
In addition, part of the pipe leading to the roof is well insulated so as not to provoke a fire in the roofing material.
Budget option for creating a base with your own hands
The simplest and most affordable solution is. The order of work is as follows:
- Along the perimeter of the structure, pits are dug under the pillars. Their number and depth depend on the type of soil. For a small gazebo, subject to stable soil, it will be enough to make 4 pits in the corners with a depth of 50 cm each.
- At the bottom of the pits, 5 cm of sand and rubble are poured, tamped, roofing material spreads.
- The poles are level. 3 rebars are inserted inside.
- The support cavity is filled with concrete.
If metal pipes are used, then there is no need to fill them with a solution. You just need to weld two shelves to the ends of the pipes to enhance the strength of the structure, and do not forget about the waterproofing of metal parts with bitumen or roofing material.
Installation prices
The exact cost of this type of construction services depends on many parameters. Separately, it is necessary to highlight:
- base type;
- design dimensions;
- the amount of materials used;
- the need to attract special equipment;
- type of soil;
- remoteness of the region;
- terms of creation;
- complexity and ease of use.
So, in Moscow, the cost of laying a pile foundation made of asbestos-cement pipes will cost 420 rubles / piece, and the total price of a 3x6 m foundation will be 18.5 thousand rubles. A tape type of the same size will cost from 45 thousand rubles, installation of blocks for the base - 590 rubles / block.
A linear meter of installation of metal pipes for the foundation will be from 600 rubles and more.
Therefore, if the summer cottage is located on stable ground, you have the desire and time for construction, you can try your hand and make a solid foundation for the gazebo yourself, saving money from the family budget.
Probably, not a single suburban area is complete without at least a small gazebo, since on summer evenings it becomes simply indispensable for outdoor recreation. If the gazebo has not yet been built, but it is only planned to build it, then the design begins with choosing a foundation for it.
It is not so difficult to build a foundation for a gazebo with my own hands, the main thing is to choose the appropriate option, since there are several types of such a foundation for further construction. - this is a light adjoining building, therefore, even if its lower part is laid out of brick, the foundation for it should not be made deep and with a complex structure. One person can easily cope with this work, no matter what kind of foundation is chosen.
In order for the structure to be erected to stand firmly, without deformation, it is necessary to take into account the features of the soil layers and the depth of the passage of groundwater in the area allotted for construction. Clay soil is considered to be the most problematic for foundation construction, not without reason, since with a sharp drop in temperature, its uneven swelling often occurs, which, of course, leads to deformation of the foundation. As a result of the skew of the base, walls, doors suffer, and if there is still glazing, then cracks may appear there.
The most optimal the soil for building a foundation for a gazebo is sandy and rocky. In such soils, it is not necessary to make a deep pit - it is quite enough if it lies only 500 ÷ 400 mm.
Foundation types
There are several types of foundations, and any of them is quite suitable for a gazebo. They differ in their design and the amount of materials needed for its construction. To know what they are, you need to consider each of them closer.
Column Foundation
The columnar foundation consists of square or round pillars buried in the ground at a certain distance from each other - this step depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe future gazebo. The depth of the foundation is calculated taking into account the characteristics of the soil and the characteristics of the material from which the structure will be built. For example, wooden light arbors will simply not have a serious weight effect on the foundation, so it does not need to be made very massive.
The foundation columns are cast from concrete using reinforcement, laid out from bricks, or these materials are combined, that is, the underground part of the support is made monolithic from reinforced concrete, and the above-ground part is made in the form of brickwork.
On a columnar foundation, you can install a wooden or brick gazebo structure, but for the latter you will have to additionally combine the pillars with a concrete belt. For concrete strapping, you will have to make formwork from boards, but this task will be feasible for one master, especially if the size of the gazebo is not too large.
Strip foundation
The tape version of the foundation is more complex in its design and will require much more labor for its construction, and material resources for the purchase of materials. This base is perfect for building a gazebo from any material - both wood and brick. If it is planned to build the lower part of the walls from stone or brick, then it is better to choose this type of foundation, since the finished necessary concrete belt will already be included in the design of the gazebo.
To create a strip foundation, a trench is dug - its average depth should be about 500 mm. The trench is framed by a formwork into which a reinforcing structure made of metal rods will be installed. Then concrete is poured, and after the belt hardens ( approximately, in a month) the walls of the gazebo made of brick or stone are laid on it (or the construction of a different, lighter structure).
How to carry out the arrangement work in accordance with all the rules, and what materials will be required for this, can be found in the corresponding article of the portal by clicking on the link.
In addition, be sure to read about and why it is produced.
Monolithic foundation
A monolithic foundation is mainly arranged for "solid", massive buildings, since it is designed for a large load. However, we must not forget that there are two types of such a foundation - deep and shallow. Just the second option - perfect for installing a gazebo, that is. a concrete platform will be equipped, on which it will be possible to install a light wooden or brick structure without any problems. Moreover, in the future building, the foundation for the installation of any type of floor is already ready!
Monolithic foundation - the foundation for the floor is already ready for the future building Work on the installation of a monolithic platform is quite laborious, and it is better to carry them out with assistants. This is especially true for the stage of manufacturing and pouring concrete into the formwork, as it is recommended to carry out this process in one go.
This type of foundation can be called universal, because it is suitable for installation on any type of soil. Due to the fact that the monolithic slab has a large bearing area, the load on the soil is reduced and the risk of structural deformation during soil subsidence is reduced. This provides reliability for the building that will be built on it.
In order for the monolithic foundation to withstand the loads that will be created from the building placed on it, it is recommended to reinforce it, even if it is intended for the installation of a light gazebo.
For the installation of the gazebo, 250 ÷ 300 mm of the thickness of the reinforced monolithic slab is sufficient, which will be buried in the ground by 150 ÷ 200 mm, and, therefore, rise above the surface by 100 ÷ 120 mm.
It is advisable to erect a gazebo on a somewhat elevated site so that during rain water does not actively soak into the soil around the foundation slab and does not wash away the layers of backfill. And it’s even better to make additional drainage around the entire perimeter of the foundation.
Works on the construction of a monolithic foundation
The process of arranging any foundation begins with marking and tracing allotted platforms for him. For this purpose, thin rope, a square for drawing even corners, and if the foundation is round, then an impromptu compass, as well as wooden pegs or pieces of reinforcement. These elements are installed along the perimeter of the marked area. And, of course, measuring tools will be needed, such as a tape measure and a folding ruler.
- The marking of a rectangular foundation begins with determining the location of the first corner and installing a starting peg in it. At the same time, the future object is tied to the stationary points indicated on the site plan.
- Focusing on this starting point, the remaining corners of the foundation are marked and measured. The evenness of a rectangle is determined by measuring its diagonals - their length must exactly match.
The next step is to remove the fertile soil layer by 100 ÷ 120 mm from the marked area.
Then the pit is deepened to 200 ÷ 250 mm - this space is necessary for filling sand and gravel. Each of the layers should be 50-70 mm thick and well compacted. Compaction is carried out with a manual rammer or roller.
- The next step will be the installation of the boards. Its height should be equal to the planned height of the foundation. The gaps between the boards can be tightened with plastic wrap.
Then, the entire enclosed space is filled to the brim with concrete mortar, the freshly poured surface is leveled.
... and then - pouring with concrete mortar ... To do this, you will need to acquire a concrete mixer, or you will have to order a ready-made cement mortar from an organization that manufactures and delivers it.
… and leveling the surface Leveling of concrete is usually carried out using a flat board, which will play the role of a rule.
- After that, the structure is left to dry and set the grade strength of concrete. In order for this process to take place evenly, it is recommended to cover the surface with plastic wrap.
- When the foundation reaches preliminary readiness (and this is in summer, in warm weather, it will happen no earlier than in 7 ÷ 10 days), the formwork is removed. It is recommended to cover the edges of the resulting slab - it can be bitumen or liquid rubber, and then backfill with crushed stone around its entire perimeter.
- After the installation of the gazebo is completed, it will not be difficult to finish the concrete floor in it with one of the decorative coatings - ceramic tiles, wood flooring, garden parquet or other material.
A monolithic foundation can easily withstand not only the structure of the gazebo itself, but also if it is planned in it.
Prices for popular models of concrete mixers
concrete mixers
Pile screw foundation
An increasing number of developers in the construction of certain structures are choosing, which has a lot of advantages over the usual concrete structures. Visually, such a foundation will make the gazebo easier and more aesthetic. The installation of such a base can take, with the coherence of work, only one day, and it will practically not require T ore-intensive preparatory operations.
Pile-screw foundation - quickly and reliably! However, the main advantage of this design can be called the fact that it is well suited for a site that has an uneven, rugged surface or a significant difference in height. Under such conditions, a pile-screw foundation becomes the optimal solution for the construction of all buildings on a suburban area - from a residential building to gazebos and sheds.
For light buildings, which include gazebos, I most often use piles with the designation SVS-57, SVS-76, SVS-89. The number in the marking indicates the diameter of the shaft, that is, the pipe on which the propeller blades are welded to screw the support into the ground. There are piles with a large diameter of the trunk, but they are most often used for the construction of massive buildings that require support points with a larger area. For example, they are used for wooden houses built from logs or timber.
Screw piles can be easily brought to the same level by screwing them into the ground to the same depth. Their above-ground part may have different heights, but the metal soles must be measured according to the level. This is easy to achieve with metal cutting and welding technologies.
So, the following features of the pile-screw foundation can be called significant advantages of this design:
- Its installation can be carried out in just one day. Piles are screwed along the perimeter of the site marked and prepared for the construction. The preparation process itself is simple, it can be done manually quite quickly.
- When constructing this design, it is not necessary to dig a pit, which means that order will be maintained on the site, despite the construction.
- The reliability of this foundation, subject to a high-quality device, in compliance with the technology, has been tested over the years. It can easily last for decades.
- If the gazebo is built from lumber, then after installation on piles, the structural details will not have direct contact with the ground, which means they will be protected from damage by moisture.
- Since the piles are buried below the freezing level of the soil, the gazebo will stand firmly and will not warp even after a long time of active use.
- A gazebo with such a pile-screw foundation can be erected anywhere on the site - on a hill, above a stream, and even on the banks of a river or lake.
- Building a gazebo on a pile foundation will be much cheaper than on a concrete base.
The only costly process in this case will be the involvement of specialized equipment. However, if the work is carried out manually, then they will cost a minimum amount compared to other types of construction.
Installation of a pile-screw foundation
Most often, to build a gazebo, you will not need to install a screw foundation at too great a depth. As a rule, this will be a shallow structure, since the structure is usually built of wood, that is, it is not too heavy.
- The installation of a pile-screw foundation also begins with the preparation of the site. It is marked up (in the same way as in the case of a monolithic foundation), that is, the shape and location the gazebo itself, and then - the exact places of screwing the piles - they are marked with pegs.
- Then, it is recommended to clear the site from the upper fertile layer - this is done in order to prevent unwanted vegetation from appearing under the gazebo.
- Further, screw piles are screwed in the marked areas. The depth of their immersion depends on the depth of the layers of solid soil, since only it will be capable of high-quality retention of the screw in a given position.
This parameter must be calculated in advance in order to know what length of pile to purchase. Such information is usually easy to obtain from local construction or architectural organizations.
- Independently, alone, screwing the piles will not work. At least one assistant will be needed, since screwing into the ground occurs with the help of two long levers.
- After the piles are screwed in, on the site freed from the fertile layer, sand is filled up, moistened and compacted with a layer of 50 ÷ 70 mm thick, and on top of it - a layer of crushed stone of the same thickness. This embankment will not only prevent weeds from germinating, but will also become a kind of drainage system around the foundation pillars.
- If the piles do not have metal soleplates on top, after installing all the foundation elements, the corresponding markings of the general horizontal level are made at the desired height. As necessary, the screwed piles are cut off or, conversely, built up, and then the soles are welded on top. Most often they are a square of a sheet of metal with a thickness of 4 ÷ 5 mm.
Holes are pre-drilled on metal plates through which fasteners connecting will pass.
Tying screw piles with wooden beams - the basis for further construction - Before laying the wooden beams of the strapping, the soles are covered with roofing material (usually in two ÷ three layers).
Video: an example of building a gazebo on a pile-screw foundation
The foundation for a light adjoining building is easy to install. The main thing is to have the desire to start the process with construction. Once a start has been made, the work will move quickly. Having learned the designs of different options for the foundation, you can choose one that seems easier to install, which is optimal for both the amount of work and the cost of funds.
The gazebo is not a complex structure; with minimal skills in construction, you can make it yourself. The first stage in the installation is the base - we will dwell on it in the framework of the article. You will learn how to make the foundation for the gazebo with your own hands.
Do I need to make a foundation for the gazebo?
Among novice builders, the question is common: is it necessary to fill the foundation for the gazebo? After all, the design is light in weight and will do without such a foundation. Can it be enough to clear the site, and then put the necessary supports or immediately lay the walls?
Not so simple. A tree, for example, does not like contact with a damp and damp surface, from which it begins to deteriorate. The foundation will act as an intermediate element. By making a concrete platform for the gazebo, you will eliminate the possibility of flooding: the structure will turn out to be more stable and durable.
How to make a foundation for a gazebo correctly consider below.
What foundation to choose for the gazebo
Before starting work at the design stage, decide which foundation to choose for the gazebo. Consider these factors:
- characteristic features of the soil and its type;
- ground water level;
- design indicators of the load on the base;
- bookmark depth.
Let's introduce conventions for foundation types:
- Tape = L
- Columnar = C
- Monolithic = M
- Block = B
| soil type | Suitable Foundation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Groundwater up to 2 m | Groundwater over 2 m | ||
| Coarse-clastic, rocky and semi-rocky soil from the surface to a depth of 2-3m | up to 40 kg/m2 | WITH | L |
| over 40 kg/m2 | L | L | |
| Sandy soils (dense and medium density) with a thickness of 5-6 m | up to 40 kg/m2 | WITH | WITH |
| up to 120 kg/m2 | L | L | |
| over 120 kg/m2 | L | L | |
| Clay soil (plasticity up to 0.5) with layers of dusty and fine sand up to 5 m thick to a depth of 5-6 m | up to 30 kg/m2 | WITH | WITH |
| up to 120 kg/m2 | L | L | |
| over 120 kg/m2 | B, P | L | |
| Clay soil with a plasticity of more than 0.6 with sands (silty, fine), loose to a depth of 5-6m | up to 100 kg/m2 | L | L |
| over 100 kg/m2 | B, P | L | |
| Clay soil with a plasticity of more than 0.75 to a depth of 2-4m | up to 80 kg/m2 | L | L |
| over 80 kg/m2 | B, P | L | |
The foundation for the gazebo of tires
If you have a small budget, but you want to make a foundation with your own hands for a gazebo and save as much as possible, we recommend a great option - to make it from car tires. Tires are suitable for the construction of both columnar and strip bases.
Among the main benefits the foundation of the tires for the gazebo:
- low cost;
- durability;
- uniform load distribution in the structure;
- good waterproofing;
- lack of special skills for construction.
Tire strip foundation
When building a strip base, adhere to the following principle.
Make a markup of your site for a future gazebo. Using pegs, mark the boundaries;
Dig deepenings 40-50 cm high along the perimeter of the building;
Lay the tires in one layer around the perimeter. After on top of the first layer, make a second;
If you are making a foundation for a do-it-yourself tire gazebo on a slope, your structure should still be level. Add more than two levels of tires on one side for alignment
We fill the void between the layers with sand or gravel. We fall asleep a layer of rubble over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe site for leveling;
Pillar foundation made of tires
If you want to make a columnar foundation for a gazebo with your own hands from tires, then it will differ from the first one in some steps:
After marking, a recess is not dug, but tires are immediately placed along the edges of the structure. Sand, earth or gravel are poured inside and around.
Tires are waterproofed on the sides.
We fix the cross beams. To do this, cut special holes for fastening in all beams. After the beams have become in the grooves, they are fixed with self-tapping screws for greater strength.
Arbor on screw piles
If your site has a high moisture content or swampy soil, screw piles will work best. It is based on screwing screw piles of a certain diameter into the ground. Construction requires good physical strength and a minimum of technical skills, so you can make a gazebo on stilts with your own hands.
Piles with a diameter of 89 or 108 mm are suitable for the gazebo.
The place is prepared and then marked.
The first pile is screwed at the end of one side. When screwing in, the soil is not loosened, but compacted.
The required distance is measured and the second pile is screwed. The distance is measured from the third to the other two and diagonally. The remaining longitudinal and transverse piles are screwed;
We check that all piles are completely twisted. We cut at one horizontal level so that there is a distance of 40-55 cm between the end and the surface (optional).
We concrete piles. To do this, pour concrete mortar to the brim inside it and along the perimeter. This will give greater structural strength;
We weld a cap to the upper ends of the piles, in this case 15x15;
We make wooden or metal strapping. Three ways of metal strapping in the photo below.
Advantages:
- the foundation of the gazebo on screw piles optimally distributes the load of the structure;
- a pile foundation is also being built in a swampy area;
- differs in durability and durability;
- the possibility of dismantling and installation in a new place;
- minimum time is required to proceed from the plan-project to construction.
Pillar foundation for a gazebo
The columnar foundation is suitable for a gazebo of small or medium sizes. To make a foundation for a gazebo with your own hands, follow the instructions below.
We clear the place. We mark the site according to your plan and dig holes for 60 cm posts (shallow columnar). At the bottom we lay a sand and gravel pillow, height 10 cm.
We make a form for a concrete column. We take a sheet of roofing material, fold it in a circle and fix it with wire. We put it in a hole
Inside the form we place a reinforcing cage with a pipe section of 12mm, we lay it as in this photo of the project.
We install the formwork and fill the pillars with concrete mix.
After the concrete has hardened, we remove the roofing material and formwork
pros:
- high speed of erection;
- cheaper than tape and monolithic bases;
- the possibility of building on frozen soils;
- ease of erection ;
- service life - 80-100 years.
Columnar bases have a big drawback - they cannot be used on moving ground. With the right approach and systematic work, there will be no questions about how to make and fill the columns of such a foundation.
Foundation for a gazebo made of concrete blocks
The foundation for a gazebo with your own hands from blocks is a good help for those who have old concrete blocks lying around on the site. To build, follow the following sequence:
Prepare the site and mark it. Mark with steel bars and rope the borders and lines of the gazebo.
Dig small holes for gravel, where concrete blocks will be installed under the gazebo.
We fill the previously dug holes with gravel and tamp.
We install concrete blocks on the eye under one level. Blocks are inexpensive, so they are suitable for a budget version of the foundation. The main thing is not to put more than three pieces on top of each other - the design will turn out to be unstable.
Use a level attached to a wooden block: trim the height of the blocks by removing or adding rubble.
When the base is ready and the level is leveled, proceed to further work on the construction of the gazebo.
Advantages:
- durability and water resistance;
- long preliminary preparation and concreting is not required;
Flaws:
- the site should be as flat as possible;
- use is limited to hard ground.
Strip foundation for a gazebo
The tape type foundation is a strip of reinforced concrete that is poured around the entire perimeter of the structure. Used for heavy structures. As for the gazebo, this type of base will withstand any type of frame. You can not be afraid to build additional buildings inside, such as a barbecue, or put heavy furniture and cabinets.
To build, study the following steps.
Marking the site with a thread and pegs. Usually country arbors do not make more than 6x6 meters. But everything must be done according to your project.
We dig a trench 40 cm deep. Width from 25 to 35 cm.
We make formwork and lay it with F12 reinforcement. Elevation above the ground up to 30 cm.
We pour concrete M250 and wait for drying - about 4-5 weeks.
Advantages:
- high bearing capacity;
- the possibility of pouring on dry sands;
- suitable for the construction of gazebos made of brick, timber and stone.
Flaws:
- one of the most labor-intensive types of foundation.
Foundation made of plastic pipes
If you have decided that only a columnar foundation is suitable for your building, but the budget is less than expected, we recommend using a more simplified option and making plastic pipe poles:
Preparation and marking of the site for the foundation.
We dig holes for each of the pillars by 60 cm and install plastic pipes with a diameter of 110 mm, not forgetting to first make a gravel-sand cushion at the bottom of the hole.
We install a vertical frame of reinforcement.
Slab foundation for a gazebo
The slab for the gazebo is installed on unstable soil and is designed for structures made of wood and brick. If you want to build this type of foundation for a gazebo with your own hands, read the instructions:
Clear the area and mark it out with stakes and string.
Dig a pit 30 cm deep;
Lay a layer of sand 10 centimeters thick and crushed stone 10 cm. Next, we make the formwork;
We remove the formwork in a week.
As a result, the foundation should protrude 10-15 cm above the soil level
Choosing a foundation depending on the type of gazebo
It is important to understand which types of structures are recommended for which bases. Next, we will dwell on this issue in more detail.
Foundation for a gazebo made of bricks
The foundation for brick gazebos in the country must be solid, it must withstand serious loads. To build such buildings, use strip or slab foundation.
As for the depth of the foundation, 30 cm is considered the best option.
Pillars for gazebos made of wood
If you decide to build a wooden gazebo on your site, take the base column type, or from concrete blocks. For it, bearing supports of a vertical arrangement are used. Rostverkom is the first row of the gazebo.
With a wooden gazebo design, some nuances are taken into account. Initially, on a concrete slab, it is necessary to lay bricks directly parallel to each other on a special mortar. The next step is the laying of bricks in a checkerboard pattern, on a cement mortar. All this is repeated until the required height is obtained.
For gazebos made of polycarbonate and corrugated pipes
Suitable for a polycarbonate gazebo with a profiled pipe frame columnar foundation. Holes are dug 70 cm deep according to the number of supports, and then reinforcement 12-16 mm is inserted into them. The next step is laying roofing material and cushions of crushed stone and sand on the bottom. After we fill it with concrete and install a mortgage of 10 mm steel on top. We fix the mortgage with M12x150 anchors. We weld the support to the mortgage and cook 4 scarves in the corners for stability.
Conclusion
In conclusion conclusions:
- For massive structures from brick and rooms that contain a barbecue and a lot of furniture, suitable monolithic or tape base;
- For lightweight structures where there are several chairs/sofa and a table will do pile foundation, columnar and from tires.
We hope that our advice on choosing the optimal foundation was useful to you. Good luck building and have fun!
