The estimated life of the house is at least 100 years. New level of comfort. All houses are designed for year-round use.
THE HIGHEST QUALITY OF GERMAN HOUSE-BUILDING!

saving money
Buying DH frame wooden houses, you significantly save your money, because: Knowing the final price of the house kit You are protected from unexpected expenses You will not need money for rework You do not buy materials at retail in the local market You do not have to pay for the development of standard frame house projects. And most importantly, assembling a house is much (many times!) Cheaper than traditional construction. The ease of assembly and the availability of detailed instructions allows you to assemble the house yourself without any mistakes. Ready-made standard projects of frame houses presented on our website can significantly reduce construction time and costs. You simply choose the design of the building and finishing materials, after which our team proceeds with the assembly. energy saving Houses have high thermal insulation properties, allowing you to live in them all year round with minimal energy consumption for heating. This is very important, as the cost of energy is constantly growing.

Quality materials
You are protected from fakes. For the production of frame-panel houses, we carefully select materials from well-known manufacturers. We use only the best materials in terms of technical characteristics and buy them without intermediaries.

Time saving
Buying a DH house saves you a lot of time because: You don't have to spend time looking for a construction company and meeting construction teams You don't waste time buying materials You don't have to travel constantly to supervise construction.

Construction error protection
The production of frame-panel houses at the factory eliminates the occurrence of construction errors at the construction site. It is very important that the storage of materials, the assembly of critical components and structures of the house take place in the workshop under ideal temperature and humidity conditions that are not available at the construction site.

Technical description of Das Haus houses

Das Haus houses of high prefabrication according to the German frame-panel technology of housing construction - Style, natural purity, ultra-low heat loss.

Heat loss

The graph shows houses of various designs. Heat loss per square meter of house area, ambient temperature -30 degrees Celsius, the temperature inside the house +22…24 degrees Celsius.

SUPERWALL - Das Haus' cutting-edge solution

This design has no analogues, created by the designers of Das Haus. SUPERWALL provides comfort in winter and summer, the wall breathes and perfectly resists both cold and heat.

Finishing exterior SUPERWALL - NQG, facade coating Caparol, Germany, with a nano-crystal grating against dirt ingestion.

SUPERWALL Technological Innovation

The SUPERWALL design incorporates a number of technological innovations to keep your home warm and environmentally friendly.

SAVE WALLS - Innovative technology for connecting external walls to each other, excluding air "leakage" of the house.

ECO Save - Patented technology for the production of environmentally friendly insulation from mountain basalt.

double sheet - Sheathing from 2 sheets.

BLACK the HEAT - Heat return layer for uniform heat distribution and reduced heat loss. Provides highly efficient operation of modern radiant heating systems with an efficiency factor of 98%.

Quick to Install Engineering (QIE) - A universal channel system that provides a unique opportunity for hidden and convenient laying in wall panels of any type of communications

Exterior walls of Das Haus

Depending on the choice of house equipment, there are three options for SUPERWALL walls, from 275 to 375 mm. thickness, the number of layers of walls - 15-16. All types of walls have a reliable high-quality facade coating with a long period of maintenance-free operation (30 years).

The wall is breathing. Doesn't peel off. Doesn't crack. Absolutely eco-friendly - comfort and absence of allergenic irritants.

The inner frame of the wall is made of dry planed timber of coniferous wood.

Basic outer wall
EEE-220SW Superwall

Has no analogues. 15 layers.

* Wall EEE-220SW 6-8 times

Heat transfer coefficient - 0.160 W/m2*K.

Unique building envelopes
EEE-270SW Superwall

Has no analogues. 15 layers.

SUPER HIGH THERMAL INSULATION PROPERTIES * Wall EEE-270SW 8-10 times warmer than walls made of 2 bricks, glued beams, profiled beams, log cabins and logs.

Heat transfer coefficient - 0.125 W/m2*K.

PASSIVE HOUSE External wall
EEE-320SW Superwall

Has no analogues. 16 layers.

UNIQUE PROPERTIES * The EEE-320SW wall is used to build houses with ultra-low heat loss. Such houses are called PASSIVE . Such houses can be heated using devices powered by renewable energy sources, which are absolutely FREE .

Heat transfer coefficient - 0.110 W/m2*K.

Absolute environmental friendliness

Only eco-friendly materials are used for the interior and exterior walls of Das Haus. The inner part of the wall: vapor barrier, air gap, gypsum board and a finish layer to choose from: drywall (GKL) or moisture-resistant drywall for wet rooms (GKLV) or imitation of a beam from an array of softwood with a tongue-and-groove connection system.

Without phenol, chemicals and glue. The magnificent natural ecology of DAS HAUS houses makes them an ideal living environment.

The load when attaching decor and household items to the wall is taken by a gypsum board that can withstand a weight of up to 100 kg for each of the fixation points.

Durable gypsum board

The most important component of comfort is the environmental friendliness of the materials from which the house is made. Therefore, we use wood and gypsum, which have absolute natural purity. When these two materials are mixed together, a very strong and pure material is obtained. Its ecological cleanliness is a reference.

Sheet material 12 mm thick, which is the main material in the internal structure of the walls, can withstand a load on one attachment point of at least 100 kg.

In addition, it perfectly resists prolonged exposure to moisture.

Mankind has been using gypsum for several millennia. The extraction of gypsum from the Bebyaevsky deposit was started by peasants as early as the 8th century. This is one of the largest deposits in Europe. The gypsum mined in the Bebyaevskaya mine is of high natural purity, which makes this material unique.

Power frame

For many centuries, wood has been and remains an excellent building material. However, before becoming the most important structural element of a DAS HAUS house, wood undergoes a long and multi-stage processing process.

Given that the wooden frames are located inside the walls and ceilings and are additionally reliably protected by sheet materials, their service life exceeds 100 years.

Horizontal load-bearing beams, roof elements - mauerlats and purlins - in DAS HAUS houses are made of GLUE BEAM.

roofing membrane

Included in the roof, mounted at the factory. The main task is to maintain the required mode of operation of under-roof thermal insulation, i.e. so that the roof "does not cry."

The roofing membrane has two important functions. Firstly, to prevent the penetration of moisture into the heat-insulating material, which, as is known, sharply reduces its heat-insulating properties, and in some cases leads to its progressive destruction.

Secondly, it is an integral part of the roof ventilation system. The quality of the membrane depends on the prevention of the accumulation of moisture in the heat-insulating material, which must go outside in the form of vapors.

Films can be divided into three types: polyethylene, polypropylene and non-woven breathable membranes. The latter are significantly (3-4 times) more expensive and have high technical characteristics.

DAS HAUS houses use a superdiffusion membrane on a non-woven basis Tyvek from DuPont, Luxembourg or Divorol, Germany.

These are some of the best membranes created in the world today.

The principle of operation of the superdiffusion membrane. Moisture remains on the membrane without penetrating inside, gradually evaporating. Water vapor escapes through the membrane to the outside.

ECOSAFE® technology

DAS HAUS uses one of the most advanced, high-quality and environmentally friendly thermal insulation materials to fill wall panels. The material has an almost zero water absorption rate, it belongs to non-combustible materials, and does not contain allergenic irritants.

We do our best to make your stay at DAS HAUS as comfortable as possible. The unique super-clean technology for obtaining basalt fiber under the IZOVOL trademark - ECOSAFE® technology, has no analogues.

International Standard ISO 14001:2004

Confirms the environmental friendliness and safety of products for the environment; defines the requirements for environmental impact management. The international standard ISO 14001:2004 is evidence of IZOVOL's concern for natural resources and ecology!

High quality CAPAROL

Caparol is a group of companies with subsidiaries supplying products throughout Europe and with an annual turnover of more than 1 billion Euros.

Caparol is one of the largest manufacturers of varnishes and paints. The company employs more than 3700 employees. The head office is located in Ober-Ramstadt in the federal state of Hesse. The Caparol brand has become synonymous with high quality and respect for the environment. In Germany and Austria, Caparol is the market leader in professional paints.

DAS HAUS houses use:

• Capatect- multilayer system of insulation and decoration of plaster facades
• Capalac- wood protection gels
• Capadur- decorative coatings for wood
• Wear-resistant floor coverings, including 2D and 3D

Capatect stucco insulation system for facades

– facade insulation system. It is carried out at the DAS HAUS factory in ideal temperature and humidity conditions. Capatect is a multi-layer system that simultaneously solves many important tasks:

• additional insulation of the building envelope, increasing their thermal insulation properties;
• ensuring the removal of water vapor from the walls in the event of its occurrence, i.e. the walls of DAS HAUS houses "breathe";
• independence of facade plaster from the structures of the house, which eliminates cracks on the facade;
• is the basis for the decorative coating of external walls;
• in conjunction with the facade coating, it reliably protects the wall structure from atmospheric influences, moisture and ultraviolet rays;
  and much more.

The format of this brochure does not allow a detailed description of the physico-technical principles and properties of Capatect. The important thing is that the Capatect system perfectly performs its tasks, without requiring repair of building facades for 30-50 years.

Facades of DAS HAUS houses are not afraid of dust and dirt

The Caparol Clean Concept is based on nano-quartz grating (NQG) technology. Sunlight activates special nanotechnology-optimized pigments on the wall surface. The energy absorbed by them is released and breaks down the organic particles of dirt. They are not retained on the facade and are easily removed by wind and rain.

Reliable wood protection

To protect and glaze wood, DAS HAUS uses two-component professional compositions Caparol. Such coatings are aesthetically beautiful and do not require wood care for a long time.

ALUPLAST windows

Windows are included in the basic equipment of DAS HAUS houses. Drains and window sills are included in the basic package. Since 1982, the aluplast industrial group has been developing and manufacturing high quality, technologically advanced profile systems for plastic (PVC) windows and doors.

Everything ingenious is simple

The most important component of comfort is the high thermal insulation properties of the walls of the house and low energy fields (as a consequence of the first). In other words, the living environment inside the house should remain constant and comfortable, regardless of changes in the outside.

This can be achieved by lowering the density of the building envelope material. The less dense material used in building envelopes, the conditionally “warmer” the wall. Ideally, the density of the building envelope should be close to the density of down in a down jacket. But you can't build a house out of duck down.

Modern house in high-tech style 195m2. Project DAS HAUS A-195, Chekhov.

In frame-panel technology, the frame takes on all the loads. To be more precise, spatially connected frame panels with sheet sheathing. The filling of the panels is done with a very “warm” low-density material - of course, not fluff, which can quickly rot. That is why, in terms of thermal performance, no brick, stone or wood can compare with a frame-panel wall, which have a specific density ten times higher, i.e. dozens of times conditionally "colder". But if you really like brick (or wood), then in a frame-panel house this is just a variant of facade decoration.

GERMAN HOUSING TECHNOLOGY

The German technology for the production of frame houses is by far the most advanced. However, it is also the most expensive technology. A factory-made frame-panel house consists of ready-made walls, ceilings and even a roof, which are delivered to the assembly site in trailers. Moreover, the walls can have a partial or complete facade finish, windows, an entrance door mounted at the factory.

The assembly of the house on the site is carried out by a crane and takes very little time. Technological progress has made it possible to replace traditional construction with production. German technology has given a qualitative leap in the field of private housing construction. Today, this technology produces thousands of houses a year, not only in Germany, but also in Austria, Denmark and even Poland.

What are the distinctive sides of German houses?

The frames of such houses are only wooden and are made from dry planed kiln-dried timber. High geometric accuracy of products that do not require subsequent wall plastering, which significantly reduces the time and cost of interior finishing work. A certain structure of the multi-layer wall construction, which allows to achieve the highest technical characteristics. Using only environmentally friendly (clean) materials.

Frame houses according to German technology are distinguished primarily by the use of high-quality materials in the construction process that will last a long time. It is for this reason that this method of construction is becoming more common. What are the features of the construction of buildings using German technology and how the construction process itself takes place - we will understand further.

German frame house

The German building technology involves the construction of a frame house. To do this, you need a wooden frame and insulation panels that can withstand any frost.

One of the advantages of using German technology is the fact that the construction of the building takes several months. So, for example, to build a house of aerated concrete, with an area of ​​200 sq.m. and carry out its subsequent finishing, it will take at least 3 months. For the construction of a building erected in accordance with German technology, one and a half months will be enough, since the foundation is made for 10 days, and the rest of the work is associated with finishing.

Among the positive qualities of the construction of frame houses, it is necessary to highlight:

• Thermal insulation - provides good preservation of heat in the house. For this reason, it is necessary to spend several times less money on heating a building than on heating a brick building.
• Duration of operation - the minimum period of service of such a building is 50 years.
• Environmental friendliness - the house is made of materials that are safe for nature. For example, to insulate panels, it is enough to use ordinary wood shavings.
• Aesthetics - such a house is suitable for minimalists, because it does not contain unnecessary elements.
• It is easy and simple to operate - all rooms are thought out down to the details, the building is convenient to use at any time of the year.

If we talk about the cost of building a building according to German technology, in this case, the implementation of work on the arrangement of a house with an area of ​​​​60 square meters will require approximately 38 thousand euros. This factor is influenced by construction technology, which can be of 2 types:

• frame;
• aerated concrete.

In addition, facing materials vary in cost, their choice depends on the wishes of the owners and the characteristics of the building.

Characteristics of the German frame house

When erecting low-rise buildings, several methods for building frame houses are taken into account. The most popular methods of erecting frame buildings are Finnish and German, the main differences of which are the type of materials used, the method of erecting a frame structure and the quality of the work done.

For the construction of the frame, which is considered the main load-bearing structure of the building, rods made of wood or metal are used. It is because of them that the system is strong and reliable.

For the construction of a German frame building, a solid glued beam is used, from which the frame is made. In the production of such a beam, specialized pre-dried pine needles are used. Only conifers are less susceptible to rotting and drying out, since they contain a large amount of resin.

Construction technology of the building frame

Frame house according to German technology - construction technology

The most popular type of frame construction is considered to be pre-wired walls, installation of load-bearing racks, beams and struts. In addition, additional components are installed - racks and supports, between which openings are made for doors and windows.

To fill the interframe space, a heater is used, the main property of which is not susceptibility to decay and deformation. For this reason, basalt rock wool or polystyrene foam boards are considered the best type of insulation.

After that, the frame is upholstered on both sides with oriented strand boards. For their production, compressed wood chips, resins and an antifungal agent are used. The option of upholstery with cement chipboards is possible. The internal part of the structure is protected by the use of a water and vapor barrier membrane that allows moisture and steam to pass only outside, as a result, without exception, all wooden structural elements do not get wet.

The fine finishing work that follows includes cladding the walls with plasterboard, and for processing rooms with a high degree of humidity, another additional waterproofing layer will be needed.

This construction technique is the best option when constructing buildings in a short time. With its help, not only low-rise buildings are being built, but also office, warehouse and industrial buildings. For their construction, materials are used that are more durable than those used in the construction of a residential building.

Let's look at the main advantages of frame-type building construction technology in comparison with other construction methods:

1. Small width of the walls, which can provide a high degree of thermal insulation. The heat-insulating material that is used in the construction of walls has a very low thermal conductivity in comparison with brickwork or a concrete slab. For this reason, for example, when using stone wool, it is enough to install a layer 15 cm thick. In this case, the thickness of the entire wall will be 25 cm. This is enough to keep the house warm and comfortable even in severe frosts.
2. The high bearing capacity of the walls and the low mass of the structure itself. It is thanks to these qualities that you will not need to make a very powerful and expensive foundation to build a house. Thus, it turns out to save money on its breeding. Due to the significant load-bearing capacity of the walls, a large selection of roofing options opens up, since almost any material can be used.
3. The ability to build a building of any shape and configuration. This construction technique can bring to life all sorts of ideas of architects, designers and building owners. In addition, there is the possibility of arranging additional outbuildings located near the building.
4. Building construction speed is high. The implementation of absolutely all construction works takes no more than 2 months. Buildings built according to German technology are based on the SKD assembly of panels, they are prepared in advance by the manufacturing plant, and it remains only to combine them on the spot by 4-5 workers. Without exception, all elements made at the factory are of high quality, for this reason there is almost no risk of making mistakes in the process of connecting elements.
5. It is possible to carry out construction work all year round. Buildings can be erected both in summer and in winter.

The construction of frame-panel houses according to German technology involves the creation of fireproof structures belonging to the 4th category of fire resistance.

The construction of houses using Canadian technology involves the construction of a building from pre-prepared structural elements. Frame elements and wall panels are manufactured at production sites and transported to the construction site, where they are finally assembled on a pre-built foundation. Previously, engineering communications are introduced through the foundation and its waterproofing is performed.

After the final installation of wall structures, roofing and floors, pipes and electrical wiring are installed around the house, windows and doors are installed, and interior decoration is performed. BAKO builds frame houses on a turnkey basis using Canadian technology from elements of its own production according to standard and individual projects. Finished houses look attractive and are comfortable thanks to high-quality finishes and life support systems thought out to the smallest detail.

Advantages of frame technologies

• Construction costs 25-30% less than the implementation of a similar project made of brick, foam concrete or wooden beams;
• To build such a turnkey house twice as fast;
• The thermal circuit of a frame house retains heat better and helps save money on heating;
• Due to the low thermal conductivity in summer, the walls and roof warm up less under the rays of the sun and keep cool inside;
• You can build a frame house not only in summer, but also in winter;
• The main material for construction is wood, an environmentally friendly and renewable resource;
• The houses are designed for operation in the conditions of the Russian climate, they are not afraid of high humidity and seasonal temperature changes;
• Frame houses are built in countries with different climates, they protect equally well from frost -45C and heat + 45C;
• In Japan, due to the increased seismic hazard, about 90% of buildings are built using frame technologies, because they are better able to withstand earthquakes.

Design features and stages of construction

Before starting construction, it is necessary to study soil samples and determine the level of standing groundwater on the site. After receiving data from geological surveys in the construction area, earthworks begin.

Frame houses are relatively light, do not require a massive foundation and are mainly designed without a basement. They are built on pile-tape or monolithic strip foundations of shallow laying. Simultaneously with the concreting of the foundation, we carry out the input and laying of engineering communications in the underground of the house.

At the production sites of the company, we manufacture a double frame and deliver it to the construction site. We lay 2-3 layers of waterproofing on top of the foundation tape and proceed to the installation of the frame. When the external walls and ceilings are installed, we mount the beams, rafters and lay the roof.

We start creating a thermal circuit - we insulate walls and ceilings, make a vapor barrier and sheathe it with wooden contours, to which internal wall and ceiling panels are attached. In each project, engineering systems are thought out and planned to the smallest detail, the structures are made taking into account their design.

After assembling the frame, we lay pipes for water supply, sewerage, heating and ventilation. We install radiators, heating boilers, boilers and an electrical panel, lay electrical wires and cables, and make grounding. We install sockets, switches and lamps in accordance with the plan for connecting household appliances.

At the final stage, we carry out interior finishing - preparation of walls for painting, tiling or wallpapering, and fine decorative finishing. We sheathe the facade with wood or siding, veneer with brick or artificial stone.

Before handing over the object to the customer, we install decorative elements, additional equipment, arrange a blind area around the perimeter of the foundation, steps of the porch, railings for stairs, balconies and open terraces. The house is put into operation completely ready for living.

German house building technology

A distinctive feature of German technology is the manufacture of house structures completely ready for fine interior finishing in the factory. Window openings have already been made on the walls of the house, and external and internal wall panels are fixed, between which there is a heater. The prepared elements of the house are quickly assembled together, utilities are connected and finishing is done.

In this, the German technology of building houses differs from the Canadian one, in which only individual elements of the frame and panels for external and internal walls are prepared at the factory. European technology implies a more careful choice of building materials already at the design stage and high precision in the manufacture of large structures. During installation, construction equipment with a greater carrying capacity is required than when erected using Canadian technology.

Frame houses from the company BAKO

BAKO independently manufactures structures for the construction of houses using Canadian technology on a turnkey basis. You can familiarize yourself with the standard projects presented in our catalog, it is possible to make changes to any of them according to your requirements.

We care about the health of our customers and do not use formaldehyde-releasing materials inside the house. For insulation, we use soft KNAUF insulation, which does not contain adhesives. It is recommended for use in children's institutions. We produce interior wall panels from pressed wood shavings bonded with cement mortar.

We treat wood used in construction with antiseptic impregnations and primers to prolong their service life. We provide a 10-year guarantee for frame structures, and within a year we eliminate any problems that sometimes arise due to the settlement of the building. All materials used have been certified in Russia, they are provided with a guarantee from manufacturers.

Exterior walls

Exterior wall panels

2) Vapor barrier film.

Partitions

Internal partition panels

support bar

Internal walls

Interior wall panels

1) Wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.

4) Wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.

Floor slabs

TAMAK frame-panel structures have a high load-bearing capacity with a small panel thickness. The wooden frame, sheathed on both sides with cement-bonded particle boards, can withstand more than 990 kg/m2 of evenly distributed load. Inside the structure, a non-combustible stone wool insulation is used, which has environmental and health-friendly properties, confirmed by a number of certificates.

Interfloor and attic floor panels

5) DSP TAMAK 12 mm.

Attic floor slabs

TAMAK frame-panel structures have excellent thermal protection with a small panel thickness. Inside the structure, a non-combustible stone wool insulation is used, which has environmental and health-friendly properties, confirmed by a number of certificates. The energy efficiency of the structures ensures low heat losses and low operating costs.

Interfloor and attic floor panels

1) Draft floor - DSP TAMAK 20 mm.

2) Wooden load-bearing beams 195 mm high with spans not exceeding 4.2 mm, 240 mm high, with spans over 4.2 mm to 4.8 mm.

3) Non-combustible insulation "Isolight M50" 100 mm thick (in attic areas to the full height).

4) Vapor barrier - p / e film - for attic areas.

5) DSP TAMAK 12 mm.

Roof construction in disassembly

The structures of the truss system are made of dry planed lumber, sawn to size according to the developed project, marked according to the installation scheme. It is possible to manufacture the most complex structures.

Roof structure

1) Metal tile (not included).

2) Lathing 44x50 mm with a step of 300-340 mm.

3) Clamping bar 44x50 mm.

4) Diffusion film "Ondutis SA115", for cold attics - waterproofing film "Ondutis RV100".

5) Rafters, wooden girders with a section according to the calculation.

Exterior walls

TAMAK frame-panel structures have better thermal protection with a small wall thickness. The wooden frame, sheathed on both sides with cement-bonded particle boards, creates a solid structure. Inside the structure, a non-combustible stone wool insulation is used, which has environmental and health-friendly properties, confirmed by a number of certificates. The energy efficiency of the structures ensures low operating costs.

Exterior wall panels

1) Internal wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.

2) Vapor barrier film.

3) Wooden frame made of dry planed timber 144 mm.

4) Non-combustible insulation made of Isolight-lux mineral wool board (ISOROC) with a density of 60 kg / m3, for the thickness of the frame.

5) External wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm.

Partitions

TAMAK frame-and-panel structures can withstand high weight loads with a small wall thickness. The wooden frame, sheathed on both sides with cement-bonded particle boards, creates a solid structure. The weight load on two points of support is about 400 kg. Partitions are easy to dismantle without dirt and dust if redevelopment is necessary.

Internal partition panels

1) Wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.

2) Wooden frame made of dry planed timber 44 mm or 70 mm (according to the project).

3) Non-combustible insulation made of Izolight M50 mineral wool board, 50 mm thick.

4) Wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.

support bar

Antiseptic timber, section 44 * 144 mm, softwood lumber.

Internal walls

TAMAK frame-and-panel structures can withstand high weight loads with a small wall thickness. The wooden frame, sheathed on both sides with cement-bonded particle boards, creates a solid structure. The weight load on two points of support is about 400 kg. Inside the structure, a non-combustible stone wool insulation is used, which has environmental and health-friendly properties, confirmed by a number of certificates.

Interior wall panels

1) Wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.

2) Wooden frame made of dry planed timber 144 mm.

3) Non-combustible insulation made of Izolight M50 mineral wool board, 100 mm thick.

4) Wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.

Since ancient times, German architecture has been famous for its beauty and practicality. As in other countries, it has come a long way from Romanesque and Gothic to high-tech, from castles and half-timbered buildings to ultra-modern buildings. Due to its solidity and economy, German architecture has become the epitome of high quality and rationality. Some elements of old houses - for example, half-timbered houses - are still used in the construction of modern buildings. And university students study the works of the famous German designer Ernst Neufert and follow in their work the standards and patterns he found.

House with imitation fachwerk on the facade

The 20th century was a turning point in the history of Germany in general, and in particular in design and architecture, marking a consistent departure from the classics. With the advent of the Bauhaus school in the 1920s, modernism gradually supplanted other architectural styles. The architects abandoned the ornament on the facades, simplified the shape of the buildings, subordinating it to the function. These principles were also reflected in post-war architecture, when designers deliberately avoided any historical analogies and preferred to create "from scratch". The practicality of the building and its efficiency, both during construction and during operation, came to the fore. Architects are actively exploring new materials and technologies to improve energy efficiency and manage the home with ease. In recent decades, projects of "smart" houses with the use of automation and computer technology have been increasingly developed.

The architecture of a private house combined traditional and modern elements: the simple form of the building and the gable roof appeared in a new interpretation, and the zinc roofing, long known in construction, spread to the entire surface of the house. Klaus Schlossen Architekten

1. Distinctive features of the German house

Private architecture in Germany is quite diverse. As in Russia, here you can find both ultra-modern buildings and quite traditional buildings. In addition, many cities with old houses have been preserved throughout the country, which were reconstructed in connection with the new realities of life. If we talk about newly built buildings, then most of them are being built according to standard designs.

Many residents of Germany live in individual cottages in small towns, and go to work in the nearest metropolis. There are both single-family houses (Einfamilienhaus) and duplexes (Zweifamilienhaus). Having studied the German catalogs of private houses for the middle class, we can note the general principles for designing modern suburban housing in Germany. Practicality, economy, rationality - these features that distinguish the entire German architecture as a whole underlie each private project. This approach is manifested both in planning and facade solutions.

The structure of the German house is simple and concise. No frills, no impractical and economically unjustified decorations and architectural elements:

The shape of the houses is close to a square; additional volumes are often attached to it. This can be an entrance group that forms a balcony on the second floor, or a garage attached to the house or connected to it by a covered terrace;

The building consists of two floors, or one floor with an attic;

The roof is most often gable (sometimes four-slope);

There are no turrets in the architecture of the house, but there are bay windows and balconies.

The plan of the building forms a rectangle. It is complemented by the volume of the entrance group, which serves as a balcony on the second floor. Kampa

The project from the "ABC of Construction". Architect Alexey Kilevnik.

The style of a modern house relies heavily on the principles inherent in functionalism and minimalism. Unlike traditional German half-timbered architecture, functionalism implies a complete absence of rigid canons and the use of new possibilities of modern building materials. The main attention is paid to the function of this or that element. The form is determined by the function, and the facade is determined by the form.

Similar principles are declared in minimalism. Buildings in this style, as a rule, are built according to individual projects, and are more expressive. Ease of execution, lack of decor and embellishments, natural materials in the decoration, a single color scheme, simple geometric shapes - these are the hallmarks of the style. Particular attention is paid to the effects associated with natural light. Therefore, cottages in this style are characterized by the presence of windows on the entire wall and flat roofs with glass fragments.

All this is reflected in the facade solutions of German houses, among which common features can be distinguished:

- balconies, terraces, awnings, large roof extensions, which provide a variety of facade solutions that give the building individuality;

The additional volume of the loggia gives expressiveness to a building that is simple in form. Juretzka Architekten

- large glazing areas, corner and panoramic windows, double-height glazing;

A large area of ​​glazing makes a typical rural house a striking example of modern private architecture. Landau+Kindelbacher

Lack of decor on the facade;

The use of large undivided planes of a homogeneous material or one color;

Light textured plaster and black wooden planken form an expressive contrast. Drevohaus

Space-planning solutions correspond to the structure of the house and are built according to general principles:

The living room and dining room, as a rule, are combined into a single space;

The kitchen is most often not isolated by solid partitions, but is separated from the common space by a piece of furniture (bar counter, shelving) or a decorative wall. The absence of partitions and corridors, the combination of several functional areas in one space creates a feeling of spaciousness, saves usable space. As a result, prerequisites for interesting interior solutions arise;

A single space of the kitchen-living room in the interior. Landau+Kindelbacher

The total area of ​​the three main functional areas of the main room (living room + dining room + kitchen) is approximately 40-70 m2;

The entrance block is separated by partitions (entrance hall, toilet, wardrobe, stairs);

Plan of the first floor in a typical house. Kampa

The apparent dryness of rectangular spaces is often enriched with rectangular bay windows - both on one floor and double-height;

On the second floor there are traditionally private apartments (bedrooms, office, bathroom, wardrobe);

All rooms are separated by partitions, most often of a broken shape, for the functional arrangement of furniture, equipment and more efficient use of space;

In the layout of the building you can find all the characteristic features of a German house. Most of the first floor is occupied by the combined space of the kitchen, dining room and living room. A single-flight staircase leads to the second floor. The complex shape of the bedroom and bathroom allows you to divide the premises into functional areas. Drevohaus

To move between floors, a single-flight staircase is often used, and a spacious illuminated staircase hall is arranged on the second floor.

A single-flight staircase leads to a lighted hall on the second floor. Klaus Schlossen Architekten

2. Building a house according to a German project

German practicality and rationality often attract future homeowners from Russia. Simple and discreet, and at the same time very functional, German-style houses are very popular. How promising foreign projects are and how they take root on Russian soil is clearly demonstrated by the history of the construction of the "German" house by the Azbuka Stroitelstva company.

House project

The project of a cottage with a total area of ​​219 m2, created by a German architectural and construction bureau, interested our potential customer. In 2009, he took photographs of the exterior and interior of an exhibition model in Germany and turned to ABC Construction with a request to develop an AR (architectural section) and a KR (constructive section) and subsequently build a house according to this project.

Having studied the photographic materials, our specialists analyzed the architectural and space-planning solutions of the cottage, which the customer liked so much. Rectangular in plan, the cottage is crowned with a traditional gable hip roof. Symmetrical facades attract with their purity and clarity. The French windows of the first and second floors lined up in one line give lightness to the end facades with hip gables. On the second floor, the windows are decorated with a metal balcony railing.

Exhibition sample of a German house. Corner rustications in the color of white frontal boards, window and door frames make the facades festive and elegant.

The "visiting card" of the project is two symmetrically located volumes that adjoin the rear facade and together create a U-shaped composition. This is a glazed room of the winter garden, combined with a living room, and a covered terrace, access to which is designed from the dining room. With their proportions and the shape of the roof, the extensions repeat the canopy over the porch of the main entrance and form a small patio between them - an isolated cozy space for outdoor family recreation.

A distinctive feature of the layout of the cottage is a light translucent staircase located in the center of the house. This planning "highlight" attracted the attention of the customer.

As the main compositional dominant, the staircase conditionally builds the boundaries of the main functional areas: hall, kitchen, dining room, living room, while providing a view of the entire space. Thanks to light and openwork structures and a wide stair hatch, the hall on the second floor is clearly visible and becomes part of the overall volume, visually expanding it.

An openwork staircase located in the center of the building provides a through view of the entire front space.

As planned by the designers, the staircase does not adjoin the supporting structures and partitions of the building. Like a sculpture, it can be freely walked around from all sides. Thus, the functional object has turned into a kind of core of the house, around which life processes revolve in the literal and figurative sense.

Lightness, airiness and additional volume to the double-height space of the living room are given by five window openings cut into the truncated roof gable. These windows also illuminate the staircase hall on the second floor. Such a detail makes the interior more diverse, and the facade of the building - rich and interesting.

The second floor is attic, but due to the sufficient height of the walls to the roof slope, the space is cozy and functional. In the living areas and bathrooms, slanted skylights are installed, which not only saturate the space with daylight, but also noticeably enliven the interior.

Skylights make the space on the second floor bright and cozy.

Construction history

For various reasons, the "German" project was not implemented. But photographs of the cottage attracted another of our customers. These design solutions almost fully met his requirements and wishes for the organization of the internal space, the composition of the premises and the architecture of the building.

However, the customer wished to make some changes to the design and layout of the building in order to adapt the project to his needs, Russian climatic conditions and the existing building materials market. The construction process was preceded by the design phase, as a result of which the house underwent a number of changes.

The cold climate required a warm vestibule, which turned into a covered terrace of the main entrance. For the same reason, stained-glass glazing of the winter garden was abandoned, replacing it with walls with a large window opening. To increase the living space, I had to abandon the second light in the living room. In its place, an office appeared in the attic. For better lighting, five windows were combined into a continuous tape block.

Ribbon attic windows provide good insolation to the office.

The terrace adjoining the dining room also became warm. A home theater was set up in this room. At the request of the customer, in place of the living room on the first floor, our specialists designed a rest room with a steam room, a shower room and a bathroom. A small redevelopment also affected the group of technical premises.

Standard windows with a window sill height of 0.9 m instead of French ones - from floor to ceiling - helped to improve the heat engineering of the house, which is important in winter. On the second floor, the height of the windows remained the same, but here they arranged a balcony with a wooden railing and access from two rooms. A ventilation unit lined with stone appeared on the facade of the house - it runs in the outer wall of the technical room.

The end facade of the house has undergone changes: on the first floor, the height of the windows has decreased, and a balcony has appeared on the second.

For economic reasons and aesthetic preferences of the customer, our architects have shifted the decorative accents in the exterior of the house. Snow-white rustication and architraves were abandoned, and the expensive dark front brick of the outer walls was replaced with light-colored brick. At the same time, to preserve the contrast, window frames, frontal boards and drainage systems were made in dark colors. For more reliable operation of the roof with a large number of valleys and ribs, it was decided to replace metal tiles with bituminous tiles.

Despite all these changes, our designers have retained the artistic image of the cottage, space-planning structure and, of course, the main feature of the interior space - a sculptural staircase in the very center of the house. The construction of the building under this project was carried out by our company in 2010.

The end facade of the house has undergone changes: on the first floor, the height of the windows has decreased, and a balcony has appeared on the second.

Currently, we are actively cooperating with the German architectural and construction bureau Anke Disterheft. Leading specialists and management of Azbuka Stroitelstva often visit Germany, where they exchange experience with German colleagues, improve their skills, study new technologies and materials in construction.

We have accumulated a large number of ideas for the design and construction of country houses based on German standards and technologies. There is a lot of original literature on German architecture in our office. If you are interested in the material of this article, we are always waiting for you in the ABC of Construction.